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[Music]

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for the first time nasa has touched the

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surface of asteroid venue to collect the

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agency's first ever asteroid sample

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which will one day shed new insights on

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the history of our solar system so

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what's next

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i'm your host lauren ward and hello if

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you haven't heard we made history

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yesterday so let's bring you up to speed

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at 6 12 p.m eastern time nasa attempted

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to collect a sample from a near-earth

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asteroid named bennu since arriving at

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bennu in 2018 our osiris-rex spacecraft

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has been orbiting the asteroid mapping

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it and studying it closely

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and yesterday the spacecraft descended

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on an asteroid surface and its robotic

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arm touched down for a few seconds to

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collect the sample of an asteroid's rock

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and dust

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spacecraft will safely enclose in a

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capsule

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could tell us more about the history of

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our solar system

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and that's why in 2023 the sample will

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have made its way back to earth so we

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can study it

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so the question is what happens next

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today we are joined by three experts

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danny dela justina osiris-rex lead image

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processing scientist at university of

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arizona jason dworkin osiris-rex project

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scientist at nasa goddard and beau

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beerhouse osiris-rex tag sam scientist

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at lockheed martin thank you so much for

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joining us you guys it has been a wild

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24 hours

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thanks lauren it's great to be here

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thank you we're so excited to have you

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so danny let's get into it i understand

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there's a new video taken by the

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spacecraft as it actually descended to

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the surface of asteroid bennu could you

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walk us through how that was even

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created

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sure lauren um so this is a video

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created from sam cam images and samcam

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is one of three cameras that was built

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by the university of arizona

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specifically to acquire scientific data

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of asteroid venue so what we see in the

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video is the taxi alarm it's extended

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out and tax sam is observing it as the

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spacecraft translates across the surface

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of venue arriving at nightingale the

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sample site and then you see right as we

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make contact with the surface and our

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nitrogen gas bottle fires to collect

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that sample there's a huge spray of

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material that's just lofted from the

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surface of bennu

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and this is a great sign it looks like

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we picked up a lot of material and that

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means that some of it likely made it

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into that sampling mechanism so

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we are really happy to see this result

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and the movie from sam cam is quite

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promising

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that is amazing and it's so astonishing

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that your team was actually able to put

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it together so quickly for our viewers

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at home these guys have been up all

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night

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so bo your team will use this video to

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assess the response of tag sam head to

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the surface um could you walk us through

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exactly what we're seeing in this

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amazing video

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absolutely

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so the first part of the video you'll

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see the tag sam heads centered in the

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sam cam image as dance

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and as the spacecraft descends towards

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the surface at a leisurely 10

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centimeters per second about 15 times

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slower than walking speed

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uh eventually the spacecraft senses

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contact with cert with the surface

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we sensed contact with an accelerometer

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on board

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and that told the spacecraft to fire the

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gas bottle which then released gas under

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the knife or released nitrogen gas under

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the tax am head which mobilized material

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uh we hope into the tag stamp head as

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well as outside attack sandpad

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the two things that we're really

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examining in detail now that we have

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these incredible images

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is the

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response of the tag stem head to the

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surface and the response of the surface

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to the tag same head itself

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um so of course the surface is very

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interesting and very dynamic and that

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tells us that the material is probably

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very weak and doesn't have a lot of

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cohesion and so therefore is easily

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mobilized and potentially easily called

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easily collected inside the tag same pad

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the second piece of information we're

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trying to understand is the geometry of

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the tags and head against the surface

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so we want to know whether it was

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filtered or flush when it fired the gas

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signs preliminary signs suggest

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that it had a minor tilt at most which

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is very good for sample collection

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there's a great um

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image now you're seeing a pair of images

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of just before contact and just after

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contact

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and you can see the tag stand head

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coping just a little bit

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and in fact you can see surface material

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moving in response to the contact of the

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tag stand head

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and we thought that this might happen

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based on some of the experiments that we

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had done with reduced gravity flight

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and the final thing that we're doing is

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we're assessing the arm

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in the images as we back away just to

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make sure that there was no damage to

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the arm and so far that all looks great

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absolutely spectacular it is so

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interesting to watch osiris-rex descend

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on the surface to the surface of the

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asteroid venue especially when you

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consider that these images are coming

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from over 2 million miles away so

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fantastic

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jason the team will analyze the sample

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once it's delivered to earth but before

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then there is still a ton that has to

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happen can you explain how the sample

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will be handled from now until it lands

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on earth

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absolutely so the the next step is to

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take images of the

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material inside the the sample head

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inside of the tag sam head

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this weekend we'll be taking

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measurements of the

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mass of the of the material by extending

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the the tag stem arm and rotating the

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spacecraft slowly around and measuring

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the change in moment of inertia

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uh after that we will

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assess whether or not we think we have

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enough material

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uh and then

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if we do we can

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be opening up the uh the sampling trend

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capsule and stowing the material inside

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uh at this time we cut off the sample

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head close up the the assembly turn

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canister

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i can see happening right here

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then in march uh the spacecraft departs

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uh orbits around from bennu or uh

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and then heads to earth

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the temperature capsule is jettisoned

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from the spacecraft

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uh landing in the utah desert at utah

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testing training range outside salt lake

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city

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the morning of september 24 2023 the

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spacecraft diverts goes into orbit

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around the sun

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and the sample return capsule is

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uh collected by

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uh

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use of test and training range to make

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sure that the uh

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pyros and uh batteries are disarmed

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flown

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to houston to johnson space center where

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the

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that is fantastic and i want to rectify

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something i said before it's it's not

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two million miles it's 200 million miles

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away that is

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so much farther and more impressive than

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two million miles so um i understand

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that bennu was far more rocky than we

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expected making yesterday's maneuver

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more difficult than we had ever imagined

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um

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one thing that i think everybody is

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wondering is was that experience

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watching bennu you know do the tag was

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that nerve-wracking and i really want to

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hear from everybody starting with jason

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so i've been uh anticipating this moment

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since 2004 when i started working on the

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predecessor to the osiris-rex mission

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osiris uh it's been an amazing journey a

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lot of

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really talented scientists engineers

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managers technicians admins

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it's been an incredible journey and that

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these few seconds

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means so much

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and that the sample will be distributed

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as a legacy of this team that the world

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can enjoy that scientists uh not yet

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born using instrumentation not yet

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invented can answer questions that we

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wow what an amazing gift for the entire

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world uh danny i'd love to get your

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yeah well so i got my start on

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osiris-rex also on the precursor to the

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mission named osiris as an undergraduate

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student in the early 2000s

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and as we were leading up to this event

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um you know it occurred to me that i've

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been waiting for my life together

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um so i went into the event with a lot

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of cautious optimism

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um because this team is exceptional and

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i know we had done everything possible

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to minimize the risks associated with

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gathering the sample from venue um even

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though you mentioned lauren it was more

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challenging than we were expecting uh

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the surface was far

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here anticipated when we designed the

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mission

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uh so i felt confident that we had done

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everything in our control to achieve

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mission success and the rest was up to

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venue

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and and

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it turns out better complied um and it

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looks like we've

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we've achieved what we were hoping for

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but there's a little more work to go to

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to verify the amount of sample we

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collected

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bennu definitely did an outstanding job

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and it did exactly what we intended um

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bo what were you thinking during the tag

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i was thinking a lot of things and so

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many things that it's probably hard to

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to put in a small number of words in a

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short period of time

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of course incredibly exciting i've been

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waiting for this moment

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also since 2004 i started working on the

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mission in 2004

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have done

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890 collection tests with tag sam

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multiple reduced gravity flights

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and the team was incredibly well

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prepared we couldn't have done anything

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more we had rehearsed the tag uh twice

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before

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in real life with the spacecraft around

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venue and many many times before

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in simulations on our computers

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so we had a pretty good idea of what to

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expect and what could go wrong and how

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to handle things that they might have

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gone wrong

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the one thing we had not

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tested

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was the actual kagsam collection event

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at bennu so even though we have done

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hundreds of tests

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on the ground and on reduced gravity

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flights we had never

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00:11:22,630 --> 00:11:21,200
done this sample collection event at

285
00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:22,640
bennu before

286
00:11:26,870 --> 00:11:24,720
so that was the last piece we hadn't

287
00:11:29,269 --> 00:11:26,880
done it's an important piece but as

288
00:11:31,910 --> 00:11:29,279
danny said uh fortunately bennett

289
00:11:33,829 --> 00:11:31,920
complied it's one of the three ways uh

290
00:11:37,110 --> 00:11:33,839
in which venue actually worked in our

291
00:11:38,949 --> 00:11:37,120
favor it was rockier than expected there

292
00:11:41,030 --> 00:11:38,959
were particles being ejected off the

293
00:11:44,069 --> 00:11:41,040
surface that we didn't expect

294
00:11:46,630 --> 00:11:44,079
but uh in this particular case um venus

295
00:11:47,430 --> 00:11:46,640
teams to have have fallen in our favor

296
00:11:49,670 --> 00:11:47,440
and

297
00:11:50,870 --> 00:11:49,680
after having worked 16 years on this

298
00:11:53,509 --> 00:11:50,880
program

299
00:11:56,230 --> 00:11:53,519
to have all of that time collapse down

300
00:11:59,670 --> 00:11:56,240
into just a few seconds it's a

301
00:12:02,389 --> 00:11:59,680
it's a weird surreal juxtaposition of

302
00:12:04,790 --> 00:12:02,399
time scales but i'm i'm incredibly happy

303
00:12:07,110 --> 00:12:04,800
and proud and excited for for everybody

304
00:12:09,350 --> 00:12:07,120
involved

305
00:12:12,310 --> 00:12:09,360
well this team is second to none and you

306
00:12:14,870 --> 00:12:12,320
guys were adaptable beyond any uh

307
00:12:18,150 --> 00:12:14,880
imaginable scope so it's it's worth

308
00:12:19,910 --> 00:12:18,160
being extremely proud about um so we've

309
00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:19,920
been able to study asteroids that have

310
00:12:24,949 --> 00:12:22,240
come through earth's atmosphere before

311
00:12:28,550 --> 00:12:24,959
danny what makes what is different about

312
00:12:33,269 --> 00:12:30,629
now that's a really good question lauren

313
00:12:35,269 --> 00:12:33,279
so you're right um we do have meteorites

314
00:12:37,590 --> 00:12:35,279
that come from asteroids in our sample

315
00:12:40,069 --> 00:12:37,600
collections on earth but you know those

316
00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:40,079
meteorites only represent the material

317
00:12:45,030 --> 00:12:42,560
that is strong enough to survive of what

318
00:12:46,230 --> 00:12:45,040
is a very warm entry through earth's

319
00:12:47,910 --> 00:12:46,240
atmosphere

320
00:12:49,110 --> 00:12:47,920
as well as an impact on the earth's

321
00:12:50,069 --> 00:12:49,120
surface

322
00:12:52,230 --> 00:12:50,079
and so

323
00:12:54,790 --> 00:12:52,240
the data that we've obtained so far from

324
00:12:57,030 --> 00:12:54,800
bennu using the osiris-rex spacecraft it

325
00:12:58,790 --> 00:12:57,040
indicates that the asteroid has

326
00:13:02,310 --> 00:12:58,800
water-bearing minerals

327
00:13:05,030 --> 00:13:02,320
and organic molecules um and this

328
00:13:07,190 --> 00:13:05,040
material might be pretty fragile and

329
00:13:09,269 --> 00:13:07,200
thus it wouldn't be represented in our

330
00:13:12,230 --> 00:13:09,279
meteorite collection you know it likely

331
00:13:15,509 --> 00:13:12,240
wouldn't survive that atmospheric entry

332
00:13:17,829 --> 00:13:15,519
onto earth's surface um but additionally

333
00:13:19,590 --> 00:13:17,839
by going to bennu to acquire a sample

334
00:13:22,069 --> 00:13:19,600
directly from its surface

335
00:13:24,949 --> 00:13:22,079
in a very controlled way putting it in a

336
00:13:26,949 --> 00:13:24,959
safe and clean sample return capsule

337
00:13:29,430 --> 00:13:26,959
we know that that material

338
00:13:31,430 --> 00:13:29,440
it's not going to be contaminated by you

339
00:13:33,269 --> 00:13:31,440
know the earth's surface in the same way

340
00:13:35,990 --> 00:13:33,279
that meteorites are

341
00:13:38,150 --> 00:13:36,000
and so it really offers an unprecedented

342
00:13:40,710 --> 00:13:38,160
opportunity to study

343
00:13:42,550 --> 00:13:40,720
material from an asteroid that we might

344
00:13:45,590 --> 00:13:42,560
not have in our meteorite collection and

345
00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:45,600
that is pristine and hasn't experienced

346
00:13:53,509 --> 00:13:51,750
fantastic um okay so let's get down to

347
00:13:55,910 --> 00:13:53,519
it the internet is buzzing with

348
00:13:58,310 --> 00:13:55,920
excitement around yesterday's events

349
00:14:00,550 --> 00:13:58,320
and many people have questions so let's

350
00:14:02,389 --> 00:14:00,560
take a few now if you're watching this

351
00:14:04,949 --> 00:14:02,399
and you have questions submit them

352
00:14:07,269 --> 00:14:04,959
online by using the hashtag to bennu and

353
00:14:08,629 --> 00:14:07,279
back or comment on the stream wherever

354
00:14:09,509 --> 00:14:08,639
you're watching this

355
00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:09,519
okay

356
00:14:14,629 --> 00:14:12,560
our first question is from anna too

357
00:14:16,949 --> 00:14:14,639
who is an eighth grader at mesa verde

358
00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:16,959
middle school and she asks

359
00:14:21,509 --> 00:14:19,120
is there a possibility that this sample

360
00:14:24,069 --> 00:14:21,519
can change the design of future bots

361
00:14:26,069 --> 00:14:24,079
made for the same purpose that is an

362
00:14:30,710 --> 00:14:26,079
engineer in the making

363
00:14:34,310 --> 00:14:31,750
we can

364
00:14:35,750 --> 00:14:34,320
uh try to answer that question it is an

365
00:14:38,470 --> 00:14:35,760
excellent question

366
00:14:39,509 --> 00:14:38,480
and uh we hope the answer is absolutely

367
00:14:41,829 --> 00:14:39,519
yes

368
00:14:43,030 --> 00:14:41,839
one of the major challenges we had for

369
00:14:45,430 --> 00:14:43,040
this mission

370
00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:45,440
was trying to design a sample collection

371
00:14:49,910 --> 00:14:48,320
device for material that we didn't know

372
00:14:52,310 --> 00:14:49,920
what it was like we didn't know what the

373
00:14:54,389 --> 00:14:52,320
mechanical property might be we didn't

374
00:14:57,030 --> 00:14:54,399
have a good understanding of what really

375
00:14:59,110 --> 00:14:57,040
the size distribution of the particles

376
00:15:02,230 --> 00:14:59,120
might be and and by that i mean how many

377
00:15:03,670 --> 00:15:02,240
there are of any particular size

378
00:15:05,189 --> 00:15:03,680
we didn't know if the material was

379
00:15:07,269 --> 00:15:05,199
strong or weak

380
00:15:09,670 --> 00:15:07,279
and uh now that we've done this sample

381
00:15:11,509 --> 00:15:09,680
collection event at venu all of the data

382
00:15:13,829 --> 00:15:11,519
that we've collected

383
00:15:16,150 --> 00:15:13,839
both during this peg event now but as

384
00:15:17,670 --> 00:15:16,160
well as examining the sample itself when

385
00:15:19,670 --> 00:15:17,680
it comes back to earth

386
00:15:21,670 --> 00:15:19,680
we'll actually be able to make direct

387
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:21,680
measurements of the strength of this

388
00:15:25,110 --> 00:15:23,040
material

389
00:15:27,829 --> 00:15:25,120
how electrically conductive is this

390
00:15:29,910 --> 00:15:27,839
material how magnetic is it and these

391
00:15:32,710 --> 00:15:29,920
will inform ways that we can design

392
00:15:35,030 --> 00:15:32,720
systems in the future to interact with

393
00:15:36,310 --> 00:15:35,040
other asteroids for for future missions

394
00:15:40,629 --> 00:15:36,320
so

395
00:15:43,829 --> 00:15:40,639
great question

396
00:15:46,389 --> 00:15:43,839
so speaking of material molly on twitter

397
00:15:49,110 --> 00:15:46,399
sorry molly on twitch asks why did the

398
00:15:51,269 --> 00:15:49,120
rocks on bennu crumble so easily are

399
00:15:53,269 --> 00:15:51,279
they very loose uh or was there an

400
00:15:59,829 --> 00:15:53,279
impact was it because of the impact of

401
00:16:03,269 --> 00:16:01,990
danny you talked about that a little bit

402
00:16:06,629 --> 00:16:03,279
sure

403
00:16:09,269 --> 00:16:06,639
yeah i can i can uh explain that so um

404
00:16:11,350 --> 00:16:09,279
in all of the indications that we had

405
00:16:13,269 --> 00:16:11,360
from um the

406
00:16:15,509 --> 00:16:13,279
instruments on board the osiris-rex

407
00:16:17,430 --> 00:16:15,519
spacecraft were

408
00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:17,440
telling us that boulders on venue are

409
00:16:22,949 --> 00:16:19,920
exceptionally weak um so even though the

410
00:16:25,670 --> 00:16:22,959
surface looks really rocky and jagged

411
00:16:29,110 --> 00:16:25,680
we think that these boulders are

412
00:16:32,069 --> 00:16:29,120
almost like balls of mud and likely

413
00:16:34,790 --> 00:16:32,079
crumble very very easily under

414
00:16:37,269 --> 00:16:34,800
even small forces so while we weren't

415
00:16:40,069 --> 00:16:37,279
necessarily expecting the tag sam head

416
00:16:42,069 --> 00:16:40,079
to uh crumble rocks on the surface of

417
00:16:44,230 --> 00:16:42,079
bennu when it was designed

418
00:16:48,629 --> 00:16:44,240
we think that might be what took place

419
00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:50,790
wow yeah i am that question too that is

420
00:16:55,990 --> 00:16:52,880
a uh a lot of debris it looks like but

421
00:16:57,910 --> 00:16:56,000
all very safe so joe on twitter asks

422
00:17:00,470 --> 00:16:57,920
will the spin to measure the mass

423
00:17:04,789 --> 00:17:00,480
collected cause a loss of material

424
00:17:09,029 --> 00:17:07,669
uh so the the spin is is very slow

425
00:17:11,029 --> 00:17:09,039
actually bo he looks like you're about

426
00:17:16,829 --> 00:17:11,039
to say something uh you're more expert

427
00:17:22,949 --> 00:17:20,710
am uh sure okay yeah jason's making an

428
00:17:24,230 --> 00:17:22,959
excellent point so that the spin is very

429
00:17:27,110 --> 00:17:24,240
very slow

430
00:17:29,270 --> 00:17:27,120
it's a very gentle movement and um the

431
00:17:31,510 --> 00:17:29,280
way that the collection device is

432
00:17:34,070 --> 00:17:31,520
designed is there's actually

433
00:17:36,390 --> 00:17:34,080
um basically a flap that prevents

434
00:17:38,870 --> 00:17:36,400
material from leaving the collection

435
00:17:39,909 --> 00:17:38,880
device after it's been sampled

436
00:17:41,909 --> 00:17:39,919
so

437
00:17:44,789 --> 00:17:41,919
it the material can go in when we

438
00:17:49,510 --> 00:17:44,799
collect it but it can't come out after

439
00:17:54,789 --> 00:17:51,510
okay there you have it

440
00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:54,799
okay so nathaniel on twitter asks

441
00:17:58,070 --> 00:17:56,080
it was mentioned that there was a

442
00:18:00,710 --> 00:17:58,080
possible carbonate that there's possibly

443
00:18:03,110 --> 00:18:00,720
carbonate on bennu if this is the case

444
00:18:05,669 --> 00:18:03,120
um is there any hypothesis on how the

445
00:18:10,950 --> 00:18:05,679
carbonate was formed um any papers

446
00:18:16,230 --> 00:18:13,990
sure i can answer that

447
00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:16,240
yeah so um there is actually a paper

448
00:18:21,990 --> 00:18:18,799
that just recently came out

449
00:18:23,990 --> 00:18:22,000
by our colleague hannah kaplan

450
00:18:25,990 --> 00:18:24,000
who is a scientist on the team who

451
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:26,000
analyzed the composition of these

452
00:18:30,390 --> 00:18:28,480
carbonates and so i would encourage you

453
00:18:31,909 --> 00:18:30,400
to check out her

454
00:18:34,390 --> 00:18:31,919
her publication

455
00:18:37,830 --> 00:18:34,400
but our leading hypothesis for how these

456
00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:37,840
carbonates formed on bennu's parent body

457
00:18:41,669 --> 00:18:40,080
actually

458
00:18:44,470 --> 00:18:41,679
is that there was a large-scale

459
00:18:46,630 --> 00:18:44,480
hydrothermal system um so there was

460
00:18:49,830 --> 00:18:46,640
water flowing in the interior of the

461
00:18:53,029 --> 00:18:49,840
asteroid that percolated through cracks

462
00:18:56,310 --> 00:18:53,039
in rocks and um eventually precipitated

463
00:18:58,549 --> 00:18:56,320
carbonate and this is really exciting

464
00:19:02,150 --> 00:18:58,559
because it indicates that venue's parent

465
00:19:04,150 --> 00:19:02,160
body was a it was a water world um and

466
00:19:06,630 --> 00:19:04,160
so benny was is what we call a rubble

467
00:19:09,190 --> 00:19:06,640
pile asteroid and we think it

468
00:19:12,310 --> 00:19:09,200
accumulated from the fragments of a

469
00:19:15,270 --> 00:19:12,320
giant impact on its parent body

470
00:19:17,350 --> 00:19:15,280
and so by studying venue we start to get

471
00:19:19,270 --> 00:19:17,360
pieces and clues about what took place

472
00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:19,280
on this water world in the early solar

473
00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:21,760
system before it was catastrophically

474
00:19:27,029 --> 00:19:24,400
disrupted

475
00:19:30,310 --> 00:19:27,039
and speaking of um

476
00:19:32,310 --> 00:19:30,320
speaking of that jl on periscope asks

477
00:19:34,870 --> 00:19:32,320
did you find any fault lines during your

478
00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:34,880
scan or is this asteroid pretty much

479
00:19:44,310 --> 00:19:42,549
jason do you want to get that

480
00:19:47,669 --> 00:19:44,320
well i was going to say this is post

481
00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:47,679
expertise but i can answer for him uh so

482
00:19:51,350 --> 00:19:50,640
there are are uh limits or lines that

483
00:19:54,950 --> 00:19:51,360
run

484
00:19:55,909 --> 00:19:54,960
around bennu in some spots

485
00:19:58,630 --> 00:19:55,919
but

486
00:20:00,950 --> 00:19:58,640
there's macro porosity there are holes

487
00:20:02,549 --> 00:20:00,960
empty spaces inside bennu based on the

488
00:20:05,110 --> 00:20:02,559
gravity

489
00:20:06,789 --> 00:20:05,120
model that we've developed from

490
00:20:10,149 --> 00:20:06,799
watching those particles fly around

491
00:20:13,350 --> 00:20:10,159
bennu and from our close observations uh

492
00:20:15,830 --> 00:20:13,360
so it is not a solid rock it's it's

493
00:20:17,750 --> 00:20:15,840
very fluffy and that's also consistent

494
00:20:20,710 --> 00:20:17,760
with the crumbliness of the surface that

495
00:20:22,230 --> 00:20:20,720
we saw

496
00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:22,240
so it looks like we have a lot of people

497
00:20:27,110 --> 00:20:24,000
really interested on how they can see

498
00:20:28,310 --> 00:20:27,120
these photos eventually um dutch steam

499
00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:28,320
machine

500
00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:29,840
on youtube app

501
00:20:34,070 --> 00:20:32,080
i would love to enhance and

502
00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:34,080
look at these photos once they arrive is

503
00:20:41,510 --> 00:20:35,679
there a website to download the raw

504
00:20:45,909 --> 00:20:44,549
yeah so i can i get this question um as

505
00:20:47,110 --> 00:20:45,919
the image processing lead for the

506
00:20:49,270 --> 00:20:47,120
mission so

507
00:20:51,270 --> 00:20:49,280
many of the images that were recently

508
00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:51,280
acquired um

509
00:20:55,750 --> 00:20:53,120
for the sampling event itself are going

510
00:20:58,950 --> 00:20:55,760
to be available on the osiris-rex

511
00:21:01,830 --> 00:20:58,960
website which is asteroidmission.org

512
00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:01,840
and then uh data as it becomes

513
00:21:05,590 --> 00:21:03,840
publicly available is released to nasa's

514
00:21:07,190 --> 00:21:05,600
planetary data system

515
00:21:10,390 --> 00:21:07,200
and that's where you can access all of

516
00:21:12,470 --> 00:21:10,400
the raw images that haven't undergone

517
00:21:14,549 --> 00:21:12,480
any processing

518
00:21:16,710 --> 00:21:14,559
and that is available as a resource to

519
00:21:18,310 --> 00:21:16,720
the entire world to access the

520
00:21:20,789 --> 00:21:18,320
incredible data we've acquired with the

521
00:21:22,710 --> 00:21:20,799
osiris-rex mission

522
00:21:25,029 --> 00:21:22,720
absolutely we've got one interesting

523
00:21:27,909 --> 00:21:25,039
question here was the impact to the

524
00:21:31,909 --> 00:21:27,919
asteroid so strong or strong enough to

525
00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:34,950
uh the the contact was uh imparted a

526
00:21:39,750 --> 00:21:36,960
very small force relative to the size of

527
00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:39,760
the asteroid so the the the motion of

528
00:21:43,830 --> 00:21:42,400
the asteroid would be imperceptibly

529
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:43,840
small

530
00:21:48,950 --> 00:21:44,720
the

531
00:21:50,230 --> 00:21:48,960
um

532
00:21:52,470 --> 00:21:50,240
of uh of a

533
00:21:56,310 --> 00:21:52,480
fan of a suv

534
00:21:59,830 --> 00:21:56,320
and uh touched it uh briefly uh and the

535
00:22:03,190 --> 00:21:59,840
the asteroid is the size of uh of a hill

536
00:22:04,870 --> 00:22:03,200
so uh dropping a car on the hill is not

537
00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:04,880
going to move the hill so

538
00:22:11,590 --> 00:22:08,789
all right good to know

539
00:22:13,669 --> 00:22:11,600
okay this is a great name out of cheese

540
00:22:15,830 --> 00:22:13,679
on periscope asks

541
00:22:17,909 --> 00:22:15,840
what do you hope to actually learn from

542
00:22:19,909 --> 00:22:17,919
this sample collection what are the

543
00:22:22,310 --> 00:22:19,919
implications

544
00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:22,320
oh i'd like to take this um so i'm on

545
00:22:27,029 --> 00:22:24,400
the sample analysis team

546
00:22:29,029 --> 00:22:27,039
and um this is what i've been waiting

547
00:22:30,149 --> 00:22:29,039
for is to look at the samples so we have

548
00:22:33,350 --> 00:22:30,159
um

549
00:22:35,830 --> 00:22:33,360
uh over 50 hypotheses we want to test

550
00:22:37,830 --> 00:22:35,840
uh one of many of them involve

551
00:22:40,310 --> 00:22:37,840
understanding verifying the observations

552
00:22:42,870 --> 00:22:40,320
we've made on the asteroids i am

553
00:22:45,270 --> 00:22:42,880
personally interested in the origin of

554
00:22:46,789 --> 00:22:45,280
organic compounds in the early solar

555
00:22:49,669 --> 00:22:46,799
system that may be contributing to

556
00:22:51,510 --> 00:22:49,679
origin of life and so looking at

557
00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:51,520
the ancient chemistry like the amino

558
00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:53,520
acids their chirality their left versus

559
00:22:56,070 --> 00:22:54,960
right-handedness

560
00:22:59,990 --> 00:22:56,080
uh

561
00:23:03,909 --> 00:23:02,070
we need hours to discuss it in fact we

562
00:23:07,270 --> 00:23:03,919
have weekly meetings we discuss it for

563
00:23:11,350 --> 00:23:09,510
it sounds like big questions and really

564
00:23:13,750 --> 00:23:11,360
big implications too

565
00:23:15,669 --> 00:23:13,760
um so we're here ion

566
00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:15,679
yes absolutely and we're so glad that

567
00:23:20,630 --> 00:23:18,240
you're doing this work um ion on youth

568
00:23:22,870 --> 00:23:20,640
youtube asks how fast was the spacecraft

569
00:23:24,710 --> 00:23:22,880
going to collect the sample and how can

570
00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:24,720
we guarantee we got a good sample that

571
00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:30,630
i'll take that one

572
00:23:34,070 --> 00:23:31,760
we

573
00:23:36,310 --> 00:23:34,080
are just getting our telemetry back

574
00:23:38,230 --> 00:23:36,320
from the tag event we had a high gain

575
00:23:39,110 --> 00:23:38,240
pass over last night and through this

576
00:23:41,190 --> 00:23:39,120
morning

577
00:23:42,549 --> 00:23:41,200
we've got just a treasure trove of data

578
00:23:45,029 --> 00:23:42,559
that we're digging through now to

579
00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:45,039
understand the spacecraft performance

580
00:23:49,590 --> 00:23:47,840
one of those pieces of data is the

581
00:23:51,909 --> 00:23:49,600
contact velocity

582
00:23:54,789 --> 00:23:51,919
and we came down right around our

583
00:23:57,909 --> 00:23:54,799
expected 10 centimeters per second

584
00:24:01,669 --> 00:23:57,919
and for reference walking speed is about

585
00:24:02,630 --> 00:24:01,679
15 times faster than 10 centimeters per

586
00:24:05,110 --> 00:24:02,640
second

587
00:24:08,630 --> 00:24:05,120
so we really were coming down at a very

588
00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:08,640
very gentle slow uh pace and that was on

589
00:24:12,230 --> 00:24:10,000
purpose

590
00:24:14,390 --> 00:24:12,240
and then in terms of um how much

591
00:24:15,510 --> 00:24:14,400
material we collected and how well we

592
00:24:17,510 --> 00:24:15,520
know that

593
00:24:18,390 --> 00:24:17,520
uh the official

594
00:24:20,630 --> 00:24:18,400
mission

595
00:24:22,470 --> 00:24:20,640
process for estimating the sample mass

596
00:24:25,110 --> 00:24:22,480
is going to happen later this week

597
00:24:26,710 --> 00:24:25,120
actually on saturday and it's the sample

598
00:24:28,710 --> 00:24:26,720
mass measurement technique that we

599
00:24:30,950 --> 00:24:28,720
discussed a little bit before

600
00:24:33,110 --> 00:24:30,960
and that's where the spacecraft

601
00:24:36,070 --> 00:24:33,120
stretches out its arm

602
00:24:39,590 --> 00:24:36,080
and spins slowly around

603
00:24:42,390 --> 00:24:39,600
and it does that after tag we did that

604
00:24:45,110 --> 00:24:42,400
once before tag as well where we didn't

605
00:24:47,990 --> 00:24:45,120
have any sample inside the tag sam

606
00:24:50,710 --> 00:24:48,000
device and we'll do it again after tag

607
00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:50,720
with sample in the tag sam device and

608
00:24:54,549 --> 00:24:52,000
the difference in the measurement

609
00:24:56,310 --> 00:24:54,559
between those two spoons should give it

610
00:24:58,310 --> 00:24:56,320
information about how much mass we

611
00:25:01,190 --> 00:24:58,320
actually collected

612
00:25:03,269 --> 00:25:01,200
we have other indirect techniques for

613
00:25:04,549 --> 00:25:03,279
evaluating how much sample we might have

614
00:25:05,990 --> 00:25:04,559
collected

615
00:25:08,070 --> 00:25:06,000
in particular

616
00:25:10,070 --> 00:25:08,080
using the sam cam which is the same

617
00:25:11,669 --> 00:25:10,080
image or the same camera that we use to

618
00:25:14,549 --> 00:25:11,679
collect the images

619
00:25:17,350 --> 00:25:14,559
of the tag event itself we can reorient

620
00:25:19,190 --> 00:25:17,360
the tag sam head to actually be facing

621
00:25:21,430 --> 00:25:19,200
with the bottom into

622
00:25:23,669 --> 00:25:21,440
the field of view of the sam cam so we

623
00:25:26,870 --> 00:25:23,679
can look directly into the tag sam

624
00:25:29,190 --> 00:25:26,880
device itself and we hope to have direct

625
00:25:30,710 --> 00:25:29,200
measurement of the material inside

626
00:25:33,510 --> 00:25:30,720
tagsam

627
00:25:36,470 --> 00:25:33,520
by virtue of looking inside it but

628
00:25:38,390 --> 00:25:36,480
that can only uh show us some just

629
00:25:39,909 --> 00:25:38,400
because of limitations of the geometry

630
00:25:42,549 --> 00:25:39,919
we can't see the entire collection

631
00:25:44,070 --> 00:25:42,559
volume inside the device itself

632
00:25:46,390 --> 00:25:44,080
so while that will give us some

633
00:25:48,070 --> 00:25:46,400
information it's not the most accurate

634
00:25:52,549 --> 00:25:48,080
measurement so we really are waiting for

635
00:25:55,990 --> 00:25:54,310
saturday seems like such a long time

636
00:25:57,350 --> 00:25:56,000
from now

637
00:25:58,789 --> 00:25:57,360
okay moving right along we've got so

638
00:26:00,710 --> 00:25:58,799
many questions thank you all for

639
00:26:03,510 --> 00:26:00,720
submitting your questions sam on

640
00:26:06,549 --> 00:26:03,520
facebook asks um how fast would the

641
00:26:08,950 --> 00:26:06,559
material be ejected um and is that

642
00:26:10,470 --> 00:26:08,960
capable of damaging osiris-rex at all so

643
00:26:13,510 --> 00:26:10,480
i guess maybe you know when the material

644
00:26:17,909 --> 00:26:13,520
was um uh you know impacted could that

645
00:26:23,909 --> 00:26:20,789
i'll i'll take that one again um

646
00:26:26,470 --> 00:26:23,919
i actually led up a study to

647
00:26:28,549 --> 00:26:26,480
address that very specific question

648
00:26:30,630 --> 00:26:28,559
because we knew that was a possibility

649
00:26:33,190 --> 00:26:30,640
when we were designing the mission

650
00:26:36,950 --> 00:26:33,200
so we actually did a very exhaustive

651
00:26:39,350 --> 00:26:36,960
study to look at the speeds and

652
00:26:40,870 --> 00:26:39,360
masses of material that we might pick

653
00:26:43,669 --> 00:26:40,880
off the surface

654
00:26:45,590 --> 00:26:43,679
and the short answer is no we don't feel

655
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:45,600
like there's any risk to the spacecraft

656
00:26:48,710 --> 00:26:46,640
at all

657
00:26:50,070 --> 00:26:48,720
otherwise we would have chosen a

658
00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:50,080
different technique to collect the

659
00:26:54,950 --> 00:26:51,120
sample

660
00:26:57,269 --> 00:26:54,960
so there are some speeds of potentially

661
00:26:59,190 --> 00:26:57,279
10 meters per second or 15 meters per

662
00:27:00,310 --> 00:26:59,200
second of material coming off the

663
00:27:03,430 --> 00:27:00,320
surface

664
00:27:04,870 --> 00:27:03,440
um but that is not fast enough to damage

665
00:27:07,750 --> 00:27:04,880
any of the equipment onboard the

666
00:27:09,830 --> 00:27:07,760
spacecraft

667
00:27:13,269 --> 00:27:09,840
well thank goodness for that

668
00:27:15,269 --> 00:27:13,279
all right fami amy from facebook asks is

669
00:27:16,950 --> 00:27:15,279
there any analytical data sent back to

670
00:27:21,029 --> 00:27:16,960
earth regarding the sample or do we

671
00:27:22,710 --> 00:27:21,039
really have to wait until 2023

672
00:27:26,310 --> 00:27:22,720
you really have to wait

673
00:27:29,029 --> 00:27:26,320
uh part of designing a mission is you

674
00:27:31,029 --> 00:27:29,039
need to design for what you require

675
00:27:32,549 --> 00:27:31,039
and so it would be fun to add a whole

676
00:27:35,110 --> 00:27:32,559
bunch of instruments to interrogate the

677
00:27:36,549 --> 00:27:35,120
samples to give us a quick look

678
00:27:37,909 --> 00:27:36,559
that would be not as good as what we

679
00:27:39,269 --> 00:27:37,919
have on the earth which the whole reason

680
00:27:40,310 --> 00:27:39,279
we're bringing it back

681
00:27:42,549 --> 00:27:40,320
but that

682
00:27:44,870 --> 00:27:42,559
that costs a lot of money and costs a

683
00:27:46,789 --> 00:27:44,880
lot of time and space and mass

684
00:27:47,990 --> 00:27:46,799
and it's better to invest that time in

685
00:27:50,389 --> 00:27:48,000
having

686
00:27:53,110 --> 00:27:50,399
the the fantastic camera and

687
00:27:54,470 --> 00:27:53,120
spectrometer and lidar suites that that

688
00:27:56,870 --> 00:27:54,480
took the data we could compare the

689
00:27:59,430 --> 00:27:56,880
sample and get back on earth and having

690
00:28:01,430 --> 00:27:59,440
uh the the talented uh

691
00:28:03,830 --> 00:28:01,440
team to be able to to solve these

692
00:28:07,350 --> 00:28:03,840
problems that we had on board uh and

693
00:28:09,590 --> 00:28:07,360
that's been literally throughout us

694
00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:09,600
yeah can i add to that

695
00:28:14,470 --> 00:28:12,159
yes of course please

696
00:28:16,470 --> 00:28:14,480
yeah i think uh so jason is right we

697
00:28:17,669 --> 00:28:16,480
won't be able to directly interrogate

698
00:28:19,510 --> 00:28:17,679
the sample

699
00:28:22,389 --> 00:28:19,520
using anything onboard the spacecraft

700
00:28:24,870 --> 00:28:22,399
but i think it's important to

701
00:28:27,350 --> 00:28:24,880
to note that we gathered a lot of data

702
00:28:28,549 --> 00:28:27,360
of the sample site before we collected

703
00:28:31,269 --> 00:28:28,559
that sample

704
00:28:33,269 --> 00:28:31,279
so we do have some great indications

705
00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:33,279
that where we gathered a sample from on

706
00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:35,520
bennu is relatively young it looks like

707
00:28:40,950 --> 00:28:38,080
it has a color that's reddish and that

708
00:28:42,710 --> 00:28:40,960
might indicate a more recent exposure

709
00:28:45,350 --> 00:28:42,720
age and

710
00:28:47,990 --> 00:28:45,360
there was also evidence of the presence

711
00:28:49,990 --> 00:28:48,000
of organic molecules and carbonates

712
00:28:52,630 --> 00:28:50,000
around the sample sites so we believe it

713
00:28:54,710 --> 00:28:52,640
will have some carbon-bearing material

714
00:28:57,110 --> 00:28:54,720
so while that isn't you know data

715
00:28:59,269 --> 00:28:57,120
directly taken of the sample itself it

716
00:29:01,110 --> 00:28:59,279
gives us it allows us to make some

717
00:29:03,190 --> 00:29:01,120
inferences about what the sample will

718
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:03,200
look like and they are all very

719
00:29:08,630 --> 00:29:05,120
promising

720
00:29:10,310 --> 00:29:08,640
oh love to hear it that sounds great um

721
00:29:12,470 --> 00:29:10,320
and that is all the time we have for

722
00:29:14,149 --> 00:29:12,480
today thank you so much for joining us

723
00:29:16,630 --> 00:29:14,159
danny jason and bo we know you're busy

724
00:29:18,950 --> 00:29:16,640
and we've loved having you

725
00:29:20,870 --> 00:29:18,960
thanks lauren thank you thank you

726
00:29:22,870 --> 00:29:20,880
great to be here and thank you for

727
00:29:25,350 --> 00:29:22,880
joining us at home we've loved having

728
00:29:28,070 --> 00:29:25,360
you too for more updates on osiris-rex

729
00:29:30,630 --> 00:29:28,080
journey back to earth visit nasa.gov

730
00:29:32,789 --> 00:29:30,640
backslash osiris-rex or follow at

731
00:29:34,789 --> 00:29:32,799
osiris-rex on twitter facebook and

732
00:29:36,470 --> 00:29:34,799
instagram check back with us in the

733
00:29:38,149 --> 00:29:36,480
first week of november when we hope to

734
00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:38,159
make an announcement

735
00:29:42,950 --> 00:29:40,880
um especially regarding whether or not

736
00:29:44,870 --> 00:29:42,960
sufficient sample was collected so

737
00:29:47,029 --> 00:29:44,880
that's very exciting check us check

738
00:29:49,269 --> 00:29:47,039
check that out be sure to check that out

739
00:29:51,029 --> 00:29:49,279
um until next time i'm lauren ward